JP Morgan Chasing the Oxymoron of Sustainable Development

I hear the words ‘he who owns the gold rules the world’.  I hear Byron katie – ‘Is that true’?  It was Nicola Tesla who worked for JP Morgan and invented free energy. His ideas were shelved, apparently he died alone in a hotel room in New York.  I recall learning of this and wondering what would have happened had JP Morgan not gone for the money but for humanity, what future would have manifested?  Instead he saw that free energy couldn’t be metered and he shutdown an invention that would have changed the world.  I find it interesting the title below. 

An interesting question is:  When you follow the money where does it lead?…. are we are going down the rabbit hole….  
 
Is the environmen sustainable when developed in our image? Or is our image sustainable when we develop emotional intelligence?
 
Do we respond to power and control or conscience?  Is it is a fundamental quesiton.  I’ve been asking for a long time.  I have found some answers.  
 
Those who are disconnected emotionally will respond to control those who integrate their emotional state of being will feel again, they will respond to conscience as their true nature feels for their world.  The only real difference is those who are feeling the world and those who are detached.  The latter are in a search to feel again… they do this through money, power, sex, drugs etc. In truth they don’t know that they don’t know. Thus, they think they know the answers.  The beginning of wisdom is at the tip of the eye lash that recognises when we know we don’t know we realilse…. hence we look with real eyes.  I no longer feel an us and them I only feel a step towards understanding those different to myself.  I send them love and peace, all ways.
 
 
 
 
 
 

JP Morgan, Chase, and M&A

 

INTRODUCTION

The recent merger between JP Morgan and Chase has strengthened both firms and increased its competitiveness in the global financial services industry, and in the M&A space. JPMC’s global competitive position within its industry will be analyzed through applying Porter’s framework. Strategic foci will be reviewed on increasing JPMC’s competitiveness in the M&A business, with an emphasis on Asia.

JP Morgan and Chase Manhattan are two of the largest power houses in the financial services industry. JP Morgan was known for its quality and reliability in investment banking, asset management, and operating services. Founded in 1854 by Junius Morgan, by 2000, the company reported a net income of $1.170 billion in 2000. Chase Manhattan is the third largest bank in the United States and known for its retail banking capabilities in the corporate and consumer market. Its revenue for the year 2000 were reported as $1.09 billion reflecting a drop of over 20% for the previous year.

Chase Manhattan believed it necessary to enter the investment banking sector in order to remain viable as a company and continue its growth worldwide. The weakest links in Chase Manhattan’s product line are its attempts to enter the investment banking market and its market share in Asia.

In 2000, the financial services sector experienced an array of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) including consolidation moves by Credit Suisse, Citigroup, and Swiss Bank. These corporations were expanding their product lines, customer base, and core capabilities by merging or acquiring companies who were capable of adding new core competencies to the existing corporation. Chase Manhattan realized early on that in order to survive and prosper, it had to increase its reach into Asia and develop a foothold in the investment banking sector. JP Morgan was the company of choice.

JP Morgan was strong in Japanese government bonds and asset management, while Chase offered retail and institutional stockbroking in the Pacific Rim. In Australia, JP Morgan offered project financing and securitisation. Chase Manhattan was a strong player in fixed income capital markets, syndicated loans, and an entry-level player in investment banking through its purchase of Ord Minnett. As a combined entity, JP Morgan Chase Co. (JPMC) offered a multitude of product lines to consumers and corporations ranging from credit cards, project financing, bonds, stockbroking, and insurance.

In December 2000, JP Morgan and Chase Manhattan merged in a deal reportedly worth $35 billion, one of the largest mergers in the history of financial institutions. After the merger, JPMC is acknowledged as a giant in the financial services industry with almost all product lines ranked in the top 10 worldwide. The power of JPMC is especially evident in M&A on an international level. JPMC is ranked first in M&As in Latin America and Asia by various observers (see Appendices). In Asia, JPMC commanded a reported $55 billion share in 2000.

JPMC M&A INDUSTRY POSITIONING

THE INDUSTRY

The deal between Chase and JP Morgan is part of a series of consolidations in the financial services industry. Credit Suisse Group’s acquiring of Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette for $13.4 billion, Citigroup Inc. acquiring Associate First Capital Corp for approximately $31 billion in stock, and Swiss bank acquiring the Paine Webber Group Inc. for approximately $11 billion, were part of the larger trend in consolidation within the financial services industry.

The industry was also being faced with the emergence and growth of Internet – related brokerages such as the e-Trade Group, Ameritrade, Datek and Suretrade. These new competitors are offering innovative services more conveniently at a cheaper cost, winning away cost conscious consumers from individuals, Wall Street, and storefront businesses.
With the current environment of industry consolidation, the rapid ascent of “universal banks”, and the effects of Internet competition, JP Morgan could not remain independently competitive on the global stage for long.

The global financial industry is dominated by American brands such as Citibank, Merrill Lynch, JPMorgan Chase (JPMC), Goldman Sachs, and Bank of America. Despite a decline in the world’s economy, the financial services sector made a strong showing in Fortune’s 2002 Global 500 Ranking.

JPMC INDUSTRY POSITION

JPMC today, one month shy of its two year anniversary, holds an overall 54th place in the Global 500 with $50.4 billion in revenues. Recent accounting scandals from Enron and Worldcom, and looming SEC issues have not kept JPMC from holding onto 5th place within the banking sector. The top four global banks are Deutsche Bank, Credit Suisse, BNP Paribas, and Bank of America with $66.8, $64.2, $55, and $52.6 billion in revenues, respectively. JPMC did so well navigating its own post-merger operations that it won International Financing Magazine’s 2001 “Bank of the Year” award. Maintaining its inherited leads in its various business lines is JPMC’s challenge.

In the consumer arena, JPMC is one of the nation’s top mortgage lenders, automobile loan writers, and credit card issuers. The company’s investment banking operations (including JP Morgan H&Q) boast expertise in M&A consulting, risk management, and debt and securities underwriting. Its asset management business includes the prestigious JP Morgan Private Bank, institutional investment manager JP Morgan Fleming, and a 45% stake in mutual fund company American Century.

JPMC ranks first in arranging syndicated loans for corporations, first in derivatives and fourth in bond underwriting. It also boasts the world’s second-largest private bank as well as the fourth-biggest asset management franchise.

JPMC is a formidable player in the M&A business, offering large clients with complex banking needs a “one-stop shop”. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act opened the doors for lending and cash-management services – the purviews of commercial banks – to exist under the same roof as stock and bond underwriting, the realm of investment banks and brokerage houses. As a result, Citibank paired up with brokerage firm Salomon Smith Barney to form Citigroup (the largest financial institution in the U.S.). Chase Manhattan Bank nabbed tony investment bank J.P. Morgan. Overseas, global marriages yielded UBS Warburg, Credit Suisse First Boston, and Deutsche Bank. These are the Goliath “universal banks”, which offer all products and services to everyone – individuals, small businesses, non-profits, middle markets, Fortune 1000 companies. Euromoney ranks JPMC #1 in mergers and acquisitions for many international markets. In the U.S. for 1Q – 3Q 2002, JPMC is ranked sixth, one step down from fifth last year in the same period (see Appendices).

The merger of JP Morgan and Chase created the second largest bank holding company in the country. In the United States, the merged group ranked behind Citigroup, with approximately $800 billion in assets, and Bank of America, with $680 billion in assets. Michael E. Porter’s Five-Forces model makes it possible to analyze the merger and determine the position of JPMC within its industry by examining the industry itself, its competitors, threat of substitutes and entry barriers.

The banking industry is highly competitive but also very attractive because of the high return on investments. The industry, which is mature, rewards those companies that have a fast learning curve as well as a brand name and image portraying stability and reliability. JPMC has all of the characteristics mentioned above and therefore should be able to maintain its position in the industry. Both companies have large economies of scale, a prestigious name, a large asset base and extensive geographic coverage.

The market position of JPMC eases its learning curve by providing the company with leverage in its sector, allowing it to compete aggressively and solidify its foothold in core markets. Barriers to entry are high, and as industry consolidation of “universal banks” continue, smaller players will be pushed out or limited to small niches. The product offerings of the “universal banks” are marketed locally, and JPMC should also continue this effort assertively. The aggressive nature of the banking sector allows consumers to choose between products; their buying power is increased as more savings are passed on to them. Consumers are able to determine their investment portfolio by using Internet brokerage companies and are no longer willing to pay large sums to traditional brokerage houses. A reduction in brokerage house investments from the private consumer lowers JPMC’s earnings while simultaneously increasing the consumer’s bargaining power.

As stated by Strickland & Thompson, “Mergers are an adaptive response by an organization to changes in its environment. It enables the organization to offer a more robust response to match environmental complexity.” The merger of Chase and JP Morgan created an organization where the sum is greater than the parts.

JPMC IN ASIA

In order to understand the importance of the merger and its effect on M&As in Asia, it is important to analyze the industry and its components. Michael E. Porter’s Five-Forces model allows for the analysis of the industry by focusing on five key aspects: intensity of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, and bargaining power of suppliers.

The intensity of rivalry brings an important aspect for JPMC, product differentiation. In order to be truly competitive and gain market share, JPMC has to be able to differentiate its product line from its competitors. The threat of new entrants is limited since the financial services industry is a mature industry and start-up costs are prohibitive. There are a multitude of available substitutes in the financial services industry and JPMC must focus on building its client base while maintaining reliable, stable service. With the advent of Internet-based financial services corporations and do-it-yourself investment sites, customers have found a new base to wield their bargaining power. Suppliers have limited bargaining powers with JPMC since it contributes heavily to the overall quality of the industry, is forward integrated, and holds a substantial amount of assets.

Applying Porter’s Five-Forces model to M&A in Asia, the picture is not much different. JPMC holds a substantial market share with almost a quarter of all deals being financed by JPMC. The competition is Asia is as ferocious as in the United States. New entrants into the Asian M&A market would have to compete with an established brand name, a large customer base, and a history of success. Government regulations are also reducing the possibility of new entrants and securing JPMC’s hold on its market share.

The threat of substitutes in Asian M&A dealings is still the biggest problem. Consumers and corporations can take their pick of any number of successful and famous corporations. Again, in order to succeed JPMC has to differentiate its product line and build on its core competencies in retail and investment banking. The bargaining power of buyers remains the same while suppliers are dealing with a corporation of immense wealth and power.

In 2001 JPMC was named the top M&A adviser in Asia by Thompson Financial Securities Data (TFSD). JPMC was responsible for providing advice regarding financial deals in Asia totaling $55 billion dollars in 2000. The firm also provided advice regarding already closed deals which had a value of $58 billion dollars. Throughout 2001 JPMC concluded 60 M&A transactions, which was double the amount of the leading competitor, CSFB. This clearly shows the ability of JPMC regarding M&A operations. However, it should be noted that JPMC (mainly Chase at the time) had to invest millions of dollars during the creation of its M&A franchise. With the profits reaped thus far, the investment seems to have been a wise decision for the firm.

THE MERGER – JPMC HISTORY, INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

JPMC HISTORY

In 1854, Junius Morgan created one of Wall Street’s most prestigious firms by taking over the London-based merchant-banking firm he had set up with his US business partner George Peabody. JP Morgan developed a prestigious brand image reflecting excellence in the financial market.

Chase was created combining the Manhattan Co., Chase National bank and Chemical bank. Its main strength is in retail banking including corporate and consumer banking. Aside from its retail banking operations, Chase’s brand name in investment banking did not reflect its capabilities. Previous attempts by the company to expand its investment banking operations had failed, and Chase believed the solution to this problem could be found in a major acquisition. A major acquisition or merger would allow Chase to strengthen its position and growth in capital markets, investment banking and all financial services businesses.
JP Morgan’s second quarter results for the year 2000 showed a net income of $1.170 billion against a net income of $1.104 billion for the previous quarter. Chase Manhattan, the third largest US bank in terms of assets, had reported net earnings of $1.09 billion by the end of second quarter of this year, down 21.6 per cent compared to the previous corresponding quarter.

THE MERGER OF JP MORGAN AND CHASE MANHATTAN

The merged company will have assets of approximately $660 billion and stockholders’ equity of more than $36 billion. On a pro-forma basis, JPMC in 1999 had a net income of approximately $7.5 billion and revenues of approximately $31 billion. The merger agreement provided that 3.7 shares of Chase common stock were exchanged for each share of JP Morgan common stock. Each series of preferred stock of JP Morgan were exchanged for a similar series of preferred Chase stock. The transaction was accounted for as a pooling of interests and was tax-free to JP Morgan and Chase stockholders. The merger resulted in synergies of approximately $1.9 billion (pre-tax) and cost savings of approximately $1.5 billion (pre-tax). It also yielded incremental net revenues of approximately $400 million (pre-tax).
Entering the asset management market is associated with high costs and many analysts believe this will make it difficult for Chase to meet its market expectations. According to Chris Isidore (9/13/00) of www.cnnmoney.com “Chase paid top dollars and this is going to create substantial strains on Chase…there is tremendous execution risk going forward. I think its going to be very difficult cultural fit.”

The merger of Chase Manhattan Corporation and JP Morgan & Co. gave consumers premier brand names and core capabilities that will tremendously influence the product offerings of the industry and allow JPMC to continue being a global leader in the financial services industry. The merger was anticipated to position the company for growth and increased profitability. According to the CEO of Chase, “The growth will come from being able to offer Morgan’s broader range of products to Chase’s much larger client base.”

The wholesale business of JP Morgan encompasses investment banking (including strategic advisory, equity and debt capital raising, credit, and global trading and market-making activities), operating services, wealth management, institutional asset management and private equity. The retail business of Chase consists of credit cards, regional consumer banking in the New York region and Texas, mortgage banking, diversified consumer lending, insurance and middle-market banking.

The merger, according to the CEO of JP Morgan, Mr. Warner: –
– “Is a breakthrough for the companies and will position the new firm as a global powerhouse. With a formidable client franchise and a potent array of capabilities to address the full spectrum of clients’ needs.”
– “This transaction combines the most comprehensive group of clients with extensive financial and intellectual capital. We will have the capability to meet our clients’ needs anywhere in the world with trusted advice and integrated execution.”
– “Our new firm will have leadership positions across a broad array of businesses in growth markets. Expense savings will also result as we combine duplicate functions.” (www.egolia.com)

According to Hax and Majluf (1996) strategy is “an attempt to achieve a long-term, sustainable advantage in each of its businesses by responding appropriately to the opportunities and threats in the firm’s environment, and the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.” They further stated that strategy does not happen but is made by managerial actions and decisions when opening up new opportunities for sustained profitability in all of the businesses of the firm. For the J.P Morgan and Chase merger to produce the desired outcome, both companies must be in a better position than they were before. Consumers must be willing to place their trust in one entity and believe that they will increase their return on investments through JPMC’s know-how. The company should use the opportunity to leverage their powerful brand name. They should be able to coordinate their strategic activities across countries. Finally, they should be able to achieve economies of scale and benefits from their combined experience curve.

INTERNATIONAL IMPACT OF THE MERGER

Chase Manhattan Corp. boosted its Asian investment banking business with its $35 billion acquisition of JP Morgan. In Hong Kong, Chase shifted its focus in money management from retail banking to investment banking by purchasing Robert Fleming’s’ Ord Minnett, an Australian investment bank. JP Morgan was strong in Japanese government bonds and asset management, while Chase’s focus was on corporate banking. JP Morgan, with a firm foothold in global investment banking, had made its Asian headquarters in Tokyo, Japan.

The top three bookrunners of Asian equity deals in the first quarter of 2000 were Goldman Sachs, BNP Peregrine and China International Capital Corp, according to Thomson Financial. In 1999 in Asia, excluding Japanese mergers and acquisition advisory, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. took top honors, capturing 54.6% of the total deals valued at $34.9 billion. Thompson Financial indicated that JP Morgan was number five and Fleming’s number eight. Further, the purchase boosted its profile in retail and institutional stockbroking in Australia. JP Morgan Australia Pty has an established role in project finance and securitisation, while Chase is a player in fixed income capital markets, ranks as number three in high-grade corporate debt for international and Australian issues, and is also number three in syndicated loans.

From an international perspective, the merger was a strategic fit. The challenge lies in Chase and J. P. Morgan’s ability to assimilate the operations of both companies and merge two distinct organizational cultures will be of the essence to their survival. In order for cost savings to occur, duplication and overlapping of services must be eliminated. The resources of both banks need to be streamlined to produce stronger competitive capabilities in the international market. On a worldwide basis, in the year-to-date rankings for 2000, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch & Co Inc grabbed the top three spots for M&A adviser rankings, with Chase number nine and JP Morgan taking tenth place. In Japan it was perceived that the combined strengths of both companies would lift the standings of Chase and Morgan in the league tables.

Chase should be able to aggressively expand its international coverage and increase its customer base with the help of JP Morgan’s name in the international market. Both companies should be able to achieve synergies and deliver to the consumer a total package.
According to Bartlett and Ghoshal (2000) “The challenge of Global efficiency and competitiveness requires management to capture the various scale and scope economies available. As well as capitalizing on the competitive advantages inherent in its worldwide market positioning.”

CONCLUSION 
AREAS OF SUCCESS

JPMC is currently one of the world’s premier investment banking firms and offers their clients multiple options for asset management. There are multiple areas of success that have lead to the success of JPMC as a commercial and investment bank. These areas include:

(a) Risk Management
JPMC is a premier financial institution and the largest provider of derivative solutions in the world. The experience of its financial managers and the financial structure of JPMC has allowed for the firm to better protect investors against volatility.

(b) Capital Raising
JPMC can quickly meet and exceed the needs of equity, debt, or private clients. This is accomplished by combining distribution capability and origination strength. After the merger JPMC became the world’s largest debt brokerage center due to its financial strengths in loan syndications and fixed income originations.

(c) Strategic Advisory
JPMC offers its clients tailored advice in several market sectors including reorganizations, M&As, and divestitures. Developing the right approach for its customers is an intricate process requiring the help of a management team. It begins by carefully screening its potential clients, evaluating the transaction, and finally executing the client-based strategy. This approach allows JPMC not only to understand the market sector of its clients but allows for the building of a customer specific strategic outlook.

JPMC also has an extensive amount of research coverage which involves over 3,000 companies worldwide. JPMC’s focus is upon the establishment of long-term client relationships rather than single profitable transactions. Its client loyalty rests with its ability to find solutions for the most complex financial challenges.

STRATEGIC FOCI

The M&A operation of JPMC is a significant achievement since the M&A market in Asia has a value of nearly $200 billion. Richard Kelly, head of JPMC’s M&A operations in Asia, stated that JPMC will once again be placed at the top of the M&A market. The main reason for JPMC’s advances in the M&A market in Asia is a shift in its focus regarding the M&A market as a necessity for overall success. The tactic that JPMC implements regarding M&A is quite simple. The firm locates countries in Asia that have created monopoly industries, resulting in a surplus of licensees and the need to merge with other companies to remain competitive. JPMC takes advantage of this by offering their M&A services as a solution. The target markets are currently the power and transportation sectors of the Asian economies. Another market that JPMC is considering targeting lies with companies that are adjusting to the concept of free trade and need financial direction. Whatever markets JPMC decides to target, it is almost certain that their expertise in the field will be the model example.

An example of a successful M&A operation in the Asia/Pacific region can be seen with the company BHP/Billition in Australia. This M&A transaction was the largest ever conducted in Australia and involved $35 billion dollars. When BHP and Billiton merged they created the world’s largest diversified mining company. JP Morgan had originally been the corporate broker and financial advisor to Billition since 1997. Since the creation of JPMC, the firm decided that it would be in the best interest of Billiton to merge with BHP resulting in higher revenues and a more efficient corporation. After the merger was completed BHP/Billition has indeed become more efficient and has experienced an extreme growth in revenue. JPMC believes that the main influences regarding expected 2003 M&A Australian operations will be international economic conditions and possible media regulation changes. Another factor JPMC takes into consideration is the continued attractiveness of the country due to the weak Australian dollar and the necessity for corporations to increase in scale, not to mention the current changes regarding the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) regulations. JPMC continues to advise the corporation regarding several other department acquisitions and currently holds lead management positions in its debt and equity financing divisions. This is just one example of how the opportunities in Asia will help maintain the competitive advantage of JPMC in Asia. After all, the firm itself is the example of how a merger can be successful and lead to increased future success.

In 2001, JPMC reported a net income of $1,694 million or .80 per share including merger and restructuring costs. When compared with the 2000 results of $5,727 million dollars or $2.86 dollars per share, the losses can be clearly recognized. These figures show that the economic conditions of 2001 negatively affected activity but did not present a significant threat to the M&A department. The absence of a significant threat to the M&A operations is due to an increase in opportunities for the combined entity’s equities business in Asia. During 2000, JP Morgan had ranked seventh in the Asian equity league tables according to figures supplied by Capital Data Equityware. With a 2.81% market share, it led 13 deals and raised a total of $1.196 billion. Since JP Morgan originally did not have much of an equity presence in Asia, the merger had allowed for the firm to penetrate this market. JP Morgan had originally tried to enter the Asian equity market in the past, but abandoned the tactic after it proved to be too challenging. Shortly before the merger, JP Morgan was attempting to correct this mistake by establishing a new platform from Japan. Since the merger, this process has become a strategic priority and JPMC is already advancing within the Asian equity market.

The $35 billion dollar merger of Chase Manhattan Corporation and JP Morgan is one of the financial industries largest deals presenting JPMC with new challenges. Within the financial industry, a larger firm usually is better if it has a solid foundation. M&A is only as valuable as the capacity and products that the firm has to offer its clients. The merger of JPMC has indeed created a formidable firm within the global financial industry but this is only due to the excellent management staff that conducted this operation. Chase voiced concerns that the combination of two different corporate cultures may cause difficulties after the merger. During the integration process, special attention was paid to making a successful transition without draining knowledge from experienced managers. Chase also had to increase its status in the profitable equity underwriting business and provide substantial evidence for the valuation it placed on JP Morgan. However, in the case of Chase and J.P. Morgan success depended on whether the executives could maintain the best people within each firm. With the success of Chase regarding past mergers, they were very selective and managed to retain the necessary people thus far to keep the firm moving forward. As the adjustment process continues, the overlap in the merger continues to create challenges, but the firm is overcoming the obstacles as they appear.

Despite the many challenges that JPMC faces after the merger, they are making a forceful effort to maintain their competitive edge. The firm is aggressively cutting expenses and has increased their goal regarding merger-related costs from $2.0 billion to $3.8 billion. Results showed that by the end of 2001, JPMC was holding 75% of their expected savings. However, overall results for 2001 were extremely disappointing. The negative results were not only attributed to the costs incurred by the merger, but also to the dramatic decline in the stock market and a global recession. Other negative factors contributing to its poor results were reduced volumes in M&A and initial public offerings (IPOs). All of these factors combined took an especially heavy toll on the investment banking and asset management businesses. Despite all of the negative factors, JPMC managed to perform better than most of its competitors. The firm’s cash operating return on equity was 10% in 2001, but when JPMC Partners were not included in the total, the return was actually 15%.

As the firm advances from one of its most difficult credit cycles there is a very forceful effort being made to minimize losses and improve overall operations. The management teams are cutting costs through employee reductions to improve operating revenues, while still addressing issues of merging the two organizations’ cultures. Most of the cuts were on the Chase side. Restructuring the private equity business to increase diversification and decrease risk exposure allows JPMC to invest significant capital with its clients. This allows JPMC to increase its revenue benefiting both the firm and its clients.

Middle markets restructuring and consolidation efforts should continue to strengthen JPMC’s position in the sector. Third quarter of this year, middle markets posted earnings of $91 million, a 26% jump over profits of $72 million in the same period a year ago.
Other areas of strategic focus include product differentiation. JPMC is competing with a number of players who are aggressively increasing their market share by offering products which compete directly with JPMC products. Clients, particularly Fortune 500 which are most likely to engage in M&A, are increasingly seeking the one-stop shop services of universal banks. For JPMC to remain competitive as it adjusts to its internal reorganizations, it must continue to innovate.

One of the M&A related services which can further drive revenues is the not-so-new practice of “tying”. Illegal for over three decades, universal banks can now utilize this marketing technique to win and retain business. In short, lenders “tie” their loan offers to deals in capital markets business. The fees from consulting are substantial, and by-and-large Fortune 500 client appreciate the one-stop shop packaged solution. What JPMC needs to watch more carefully is its role in counseling and producing creative lending, as seen in the Enron and Worldcom cases, which are closely related to each other.

From an international perspective, JPMC is demonstrating that the merger has only made the firm stronger. Since almost half of the firm’s revenue and income from wholesale banking comes from outside the United States, the international market is essential to the success of the firm. Once the restructuring process has been completed JPMC can employ its full vision and strategy for the international financial markets. With a global-local approach, JPMC can gain market share where it already clearly has a strong presence – Asia, Europe, and Latin America (see Appendices). As a universal bank, JPMC can aggressively pursue its new role as a full-service, integrated financial services provider to individuals of all types, governments, corporations, and other institutions on a global basis. Already strong as separate entities, united as JPMC with the power of both brands behind it, JPMC can maintain its competitive advantage and remain a leader on the global financial industry stage.

APPENDIX I

Euromoney 2002 Awards JPMorganChase Best M&A House

There weren’t any huge M&A deals in the past year, but JP Morgan advised on some highly complex ones…in Brazil, JPMorgan advised mining giant CVRD on two simultaneous M&A transactions… It’s that sort of complex transactions that can take well over a year and also involves large-scale foreign exchange hedging, in which JP Morgan excels.

Best M&A House in Latin America
Best M&A House in Chile
Best M&A House in Costa Rica
Best M&A House in Mexico
Best M&A House in Indonesia
Best M&A House in Taiwan
Best M&A House in Thailand
Best M&A House in Greece

APPENDIX B

Top 20 Advisers of US M&A Deals
First 9 months 2002
Provided by Dealogic, www.euromoney.com.

Rank Adviser US$ m Deals Jan-Sep 2001 Rank

1 Goldman Sachs 140,853 92 1
2 Lazard 80,667 56 16
3 Bear Stearns 76,813 34 11
4 Salomon Smith Barney 70,974 79 6
5 Credit Suisse First Boston 64,752 162 2
6 JP Morgan 57,763 95 5
7 Morgan Stanley 57,490 89 4
8 Merrill Lynch 48,866 68 3
9 Lehman Brothers 44,774 71 9
10 Deutsche Bank 31,143 58 7
11 UBS Warburg 27,664 50 8
12 Bank of America 20,185 51 14
13 Stephens 15,279 8 17
14 Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein 11,277 24 12
15 Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin 7,784 102 19
16 Rothschild 5,848 37 13
17 CIBC World Markets 5,431 6 20
18 Greenhill 5,160 15 15
19 Rhone Group 4,953 2 –
20 ING Barings 4,843 8 –

Criteria: excludes withdrawn deals and buyback programs, includes assumption of debt;
based on full amount credit, announced deals Jan 1 – Sep 30 with US target or acquiror nationality

APPENDIX III 
SAMPLING OF GLOBAL M&A INVESTMENT BANKS

BNP Paribas
Specialized international banking group with a European base that focuses on expanding markets, emphasizing technological innovation, creativity, worldwide presence and distribution.

Brown Brothers Harriman
Based in New York and provides private equity capital to private and closely-held public companies with business values between $20 million and $1 billion.

CIBC World Markets
Investment banking and private client arm of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) offering a full range of integrated credit and capital markets products, securities, brokerage and asset management services to corporate, government, institutions.

Deutsche Bank – GCI
Global Investment Banking Division provides a full range of financial and strategic advisory services to corporations, financial institutions and governments worldwide.

Dresdner Kleinwort Benson
Investment banking division of the Dresdner Bank Group of Europe. Dresdner Kleinwort Benson consists of four business lines: Global Corporate Finance, Global Equities, Global Finance and Global Markets.

ING Barings
ING Barings is the corporate and investment banking arm of ING Group, providing an extensive range of financial products and services to corporate and institutional clients around the world through a network of 89 offices in 49 countries.

JP Morgan Fleming
Asset management division of JP Morgan Chase that offers individual and institutional clients investment products consistent with their goals.

Lazard
A global firm with a long history in the traditional financial centers of New York, London, and Paris and offices in over fifteen countries.

Nomura International
The investment banking operations of Nomura International plc, the European subsidiary of the Nomura Securities Co., Ltd., are focused to meeting the needs of investors and issuers across Europe.

RBC Dominion Securities Inc
RBC Dominion Securities, a business unit of Royal Bank Financial Group, is Canada’s leading corporate and investment bank.

SG Hambros
A division of the Société Générale Group, providing investment banking services.

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Mohandas Gandhi

“Nonviolence is a weapon of the strong”

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